Explore the industrial fermentation processes of chemical intermediates

In Pathway Design for Industrial Fermentation, distinguished researcher Dr. Walter Koch delivers an expert overview on industrial fermentation production technology as compared with natural extraction, organic chemistry, and biocatalysis. The book offers key insights for professionals designing and monitoring fermentation processes.

The author explores the applications, alternative production, biochemical pathways, metabolic engineering strategy, and downstream processing of various products-including C1 to C6 products-with a focus on low-value products with market prices below 4EUR per kilogram. Products will include methane, ethane, acetate, lactic acid, alanine, and others.

With specific commentary and insightful perspectives on the cost drivers and technological aspects critical to commercially successful applications, the book also includes:

• Thorough introductions to methane, ethanol, acetate, lactic acid, alanine, and 3-Hydroxypropionic acid
• Comprehensive explorations of 1,3-Propanediol, butanol, isobutanol, and isobutene
• Practical discussions of 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid, itaconic acid, and glutamic acid
• Fulsome treatments of isoprene, pentamethylenediamine, lysine, citric acid, and adipic acid

Perfect for process engineers, biotechnologists, and chemical engineers, Pathway Design for Industrial Fermentation will also benefit biochemists and professionals working in the chemical and food industries.

Preface xvii

Introduction xix

1 Methane 1

1.1 Application 1

1.2 Conventional Production of Methane 1

1.3 Carbon Dioxide as Feedstock 2

1.4 Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Methane 4

1.5 Biochemical Pathway Design 6

1.6 Integration of Hydrogen Production and the Biochemical Methanation 8

1.7 Process Development for the "Biochemical Sabatier" without Integrated Water Electrolysis 13

1.8 Commercial Application of Fermentative Methane Production 14

2 Ethanol Ex Glucose 20

2.1 Application 20

2.2 Production of Ethanol 21

2.3 Pathway Design 21

2.4 Process Development 29

2.5 Alternative Raw Material Source 32

2.6 Industrial Production and Capacity 38

3 Acetate and Ethanol Ex CO/H2 49

3.1 The Wood-Ljungdahl Pathway 49

3.2 Formation of Acetate in A. woodii Based on Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen 55

3.3 Formation of Acetate in A. woodii Based on Carbon Monoxide 56

3.4 Formation of Ethanol in A. woodii Based on Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen without AOR 58

3.5 Formation of Ethanol in A. woodii Based on Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen with AOR 60

3.6 Formation of Ethanol in C. woodii Based on Carbon Monoxide 62

3.7 Formation of Acetate in C. autoethanogenum Based on Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen 63

3.8 Formation of Ethanol in C. autoethanogenum Based on Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen 63

3.9 Industrial Fermentation and Capacity 69

4 Lactic Acid 74

4.1 Application 74

4.2 Chemical Synthesis of Lactic Acid 75

4.3 Pathway Design 76

4.4 Process Development 82

4.5 Evaluation of Alternative Feedstocks 87

4.6 Production Cost and Market Price 91

4.7 Industrial Application and Capacity 91

5 Alanine 97

5.1 Application 97

5.2 Chemical Production of L-alanine 97

5.3 Pathway Design 98

5.4 Metabolic Engineering 101

5.5 Industrial Production and Application 105

6 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid 109

6.1 Application 109

6.2 Chemical Synthesis 110

6.3 Pathway Design 111

6.4 Industrial Application 116

7 1,3-Propanediol 119

7.1 Application 119

7.2 Alternative Production of 1,3-Propanediol 119

7.3 Pathway Design Toward 1,3-Propanediol 120

7.4 Metabolic Engineering 128

7.5 Process Development 132

7.6 Industrial Application and Capacity 133

8 Butanol 137

8.1 Application 137

8.2 Conventional Production of Butanol 138

8.3 Pathway Design Based on Glucose 141

8.4 Pathway Design Based on Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen 146

8.5 Process Development for Fermentative Butanol 151

8.6 Alternative Raw Material Sources 160

8.7 Industrial Application 161

9 Isobutanol 170

9.1 Application 170

9.2 Conventional Synthesis of Isobutanol 171

9.3 Metabolic Engineering 172

9.4 Process Development 182

9.5 Industrial Application 187

10 Isobutene 191

10.1 Application 191

10.2 Conventional Synthesis 191

10.3 Pathway Design Toward Isobutene 192

10.4 Carbon Yield and Carbon Footprint 202

10.5 Industrial Fermentation and Capacity 202

11 1,4-Butanediol 206

11.1 Application 206

11.2 Conventional Synthesis of 1,4-Butanediol 207

11.3 Pathway Design 208

11.4 Process Design for Fermentative 1,4-Butanediol Based on Glucose 213

11.5 1,4-Butanediol Derived by Chemical Hydrogenation of Succinic Acid 215

11.6 Alternative Carbon and Energy Source for Fermentation 216

11.7 Industrial Application and Capacity 218

12 Succinic Acid 222

12.1 Application 222

12.2 Conventional Synthesis of Succinic Acid 223

12.3 Pathway Design and Metabolic Engineerin