This book provides the reader with the knowledge required in order to understand the chemical, physical, mechanical, and topographical aspects of implant surfaces, as well as their impact on the biological response. Common ways to modify implant surfaces are described, and methods for the evaluation of surface properties are presented in an easy-to-read style. Experimental results that have contributed to surface modifications relevant for commercial available implants are presented, with emphasis on in vivo and clinical studies. While the focus is primarily on surface modifications at the micrometer and nanometer levels, alterations at the millimeter level are also covered, including thread designs and their possible influence on stress distribution. In addition, it is analyzed how surface alterations have changed the clinical long-term results for certain groups of patients.

Basic Aspects: Surface Evaluations

The "Four Parameters"
Experimental and Clinical Knowledge: Surface Micro-Topography
Importance of Surface Chemistry
Importance of Surface Physics
Importance of Surface Nano Roughness
Novel Surfaces for Clinical Usage: Fluoride
Anodization
Fluoridated Surfaces in the Eyes of the Clinician
Sandblasted and Acid etched Surfaces with or without High Surface Energy in the Eyes of a Clinician
Anodized Surfaces in the Eyes of a Clinical Scientist
Coated Implants
Concluding Remarks and the Future.