1;Forword;17 2;Contributors;19 3;Abbreviations;21 4;1 Introduction - Adolescent medicine: Pharmacotherapeutics in general, mental, and sexual health;27 5;2 Overview on adolescence;35 5.1;2.1 Introduction;35 5.1.1;2.1.1 Terminology;35 5.1.2;2.1.2 Demography of adolescent population;36 5.1.3;2.1.3 Normal adolescent sexuality stages;36 5.1.4;2.1.4 The process of CNS maturation;38 5.2;2.2 Puberty;38 5.3;2.3 Sexual behavior;41 5.3.1;2.3.1 Homosexuality;45 5.3.2;2.3.2 Prevalence;46 5.3.3;2.3.3 Caring for the gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgendered (GLBT) youth;47 5.3.4;2.3.4 The adolescent sex offender;47 5.4;2.4 Health status of adolescents;47 5.4.1;2.4.1 Mental health;48 5.4.2;2.4.2 Youth violence;49 5.4.3;2.4.3 Mortality;50 5.4.4;2.4.4 Homicide and suicide;50 5.4.5;2.4.5 Motor vehicle accidents;51 5.4.6;2.4.6 Abuse;51 5.4.7;2.4.7 Dating violence;52 5.4.8;2.4.8 Runaway and homeless youth;52 5.5;2.5 Caring for adolescents;53 5.5.1;2.5.1 Involvement of parents;53 5.5.2;2.5.2 Confidentiality;59 5.6;2.6 Immunizations;60 5.7;2.7 Counseling;61 5.8;2.8 Conclusions;61 6;3 Concepts of health care in adolescents in the twenty-first century;65 6.1;3.1 Introduction;65 6.2;3.2 Adolescents: The population;65 6.2.1;3.2.1 Financing of the adolescent population;66 6.2.2;3.2.2 Subgroups of the adolescent population;66 6.2.3;3.2.3 Complexity of the adolescent population;67 6.3;3.3 Use of modern health-ITs;68 6.3.1;3.3.1 Text messaging;68 6.3.2;3.3.2 Internet;68 6.3.3;3.3.3 Multifaceted approaches;69 6.4;3.4 Challenges: Use of modern health-ITs;70 6.4.1;3.4.1 Accuracy and validity of data and data sources;70 6.4.2;3.4.2 Privacy and security responsibilities;70 6.4.3;3.4.3 Health literacy and health-IT literacy;71 6.4.4;3.4.4 Cost and lack of revenue;72 6.5;3.5 Opportunities: Use of modern health-ITs;73 6.5.1;3.5.1 Provider-adolescent engagement at visit;73 6.5.2;3.5.2 Provider-adolescent engagement between visits;73 6.5.3;3.5.3 Provider-provider engagement;75 6.6;3.6 Practicalities: Use of modern health-ITs;77 6.7;3.7 Conclusions;78 7;4 Principles of pharmacology;81 7.1;4.1 Introduction;81 7.2;4.2 Pharmacokinetics;81 7.2.1;4.2.1 Absorption;81 7.2.2;4.2.2 Distribution;82 7.2.3;4.2.3 Metabolism;83 7.2.4;4.2.4 Excretion;84 7.2.5;4.2.5 Drug dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring;85 7.3;4.3 Pharmacodynamics;86 7.4;4.4 Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics;87 7.5;4.5 Conclusions;90 8;5 Basic concepts of neurotransmission;93 8.1;5.1 Introduction;93 8.2;5.2 Neurotransmission;93 8.2.1;5.2.1 The neuron;93 8.2.2;5.2.2 The synapse;94 8.2.3;5.2.3 Chemical neurotransmission;95 8.3;5.3 Allosteric modulation;96 8.4;5.4 Nonsynaptic (volume) neurotransmission;96 8.5;5.5 Divergence and covergence;96 8.5.1;5.5.1 Agonists and antagonists;96 8.6;5.6 Major neurotransmitter systems;97 8.6.1;5.6.1 Cholinergic system;97 8.6.2;5.6.2 Dopaminergic system;97 8.6.3;5.6.3 GABAergic system;98 8.6.4;5.6.4 Glutamatergic system;99 8.6.5;5.6.5 Noradrenergic system;99 8.6.6;5.6.6 Serotonergic system;100 8.7;5.7 Conclusions;100 9;6 Genetics and adolescent medicine;105 9.1;6.1 Introduction;105 9.2;6.2 How genetic disease occurs;105 9.3;6.3 Chromosomal inheritance;105 9.4;6.4 Single gene disorders;106 9.5;6.5 Multifactorial inheritance and complex traits;107 9.6;6.6 Other etiologies;109 9.6.1;6.6.1 UPD;109 9.6.2;6.6.2 Imprinting;109 9.6.3;6.6.3 Mitochondrial disorders;109 9.6.4;6.6.4 Syndromes associated with SCD as an example;109 9.6.5;6.6.5 Syndromes associated with the structurally normal heart;110 9.6.6;6.6.6 Syndromes associated with the structural heart disease;110 9.6.7;6.6.7 Factors to be considered regarding the syndromes associated with SCD;111 9.7;6.7 Complex disorders: Behavioral phenotypes as an example;111 9.7.1;6.7.1 Smoking behavior;111 9.7.2;6.7.2 Alcohol and drug use;112 9.7.3;6.7.3 Eating disorders;113 9.8;6.8 Predispositional testing;114 9.9;6.9 Conclusions;115 10;7 Concepts of emergency care;119 10.1;7.1 Introduction;119 10.2;7.2 Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS);1