This book describes the latest developments in the new research discipline of X-ray nanochemistry, which uses nanomaterials to enhance the effectiveness of X-ray irradiation. Nanomaterials now can be synthesized in such a way as to meet the demand for complex functions that enhance the X-ray effect. Innovative methods of delivering the X-rays, which can interact with those nanomaterials much more strongly than energetic electrons and gamma rays, also create new opportunities to enhance the X-ray effect. As a result, new concepts are conceived and new developments are made in the last decade, which are discussed and summarized in this book. This book will help define the discipline and encourage more students and scientists to work in this discipline. These efforts will eventually lead to formation of a full set of physical, chemical and materials principles for this new research field.

Part I. Introduction

Chapter 1.X-ray Nanochemistry: Background and Introduction
Part II. Concepts
Chapter 2.Physical Principles and Physical Enhancement
Chapter 3.Chemical Enhancement
Chapter 4.Biological Enhancement
Chapter 5.Isolation, Optimization and Combination of Individual Enhancements
Part III. Nanomaterials and Methods
Chapter 6.Nanomaterials for X-ray Nanochemistry
Chapter 7.Techniques and Instruments for X-ray Nanochemistry
Part IV. Development of Applications
Chapter 8. X-ray Nanochemistry and Its Applications in Biology
Chapter 9.Medical Applications of X-ray Nanochemistry
Chapter 10.Applications of X-ray Nanochemistry in Catalysis
Chapter 11. Applications of X-ray Nanochemistry in Sensing, Radiolysis and Environmental Research
Part V. Conclusions and Future Work
Chapter 12.Conclusions and Future Work.