This book reviews the recent international experience with the applications of computer assisted orthopaedic surgery in clinical practice. Recent decades of the human condition have witnessed the dramatic evolution of technology and the application to everyday existence. The ability to use such innovation in surgical practice is now easily within our grasp. Though clinical experience is short term, as will be demonstrated the problems are finite and limited only by the need for refinement. We can now clearly state that current surgical practice will be revolutionized by these new methodologies. This edition is all encompassing for musculoskeletal surgery including the spine, trauma, sports, and reconstructive surgery. Because of its simplicity, computer navigation will be an early tool in such areas as total joint replacement, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and placement of pedicle screws in complex spinal surgery. New techniques in Minimally Invasive Surgery will require the precision and digital "surgical exposure" offered by the computer. However, we anticipate in a few years, that robotics with computer activated technology will rise to an important role for the practicing surgeon. Surgeons who are comfortable with technology and yearn for better solutions with their techniques will benefit from the knowledge of this experience. Americans at the AAOS 2003 annual meeting in New Orleans, have now joined the wave of enthusiasm for computer assisted orthopaedic surgery (CAOS) as well as the exciting new vistas of Minimally Invasive Surgery.

<p> </p><p>Preface: J.B. Stiehl, W. Konermann and R. Haaker</p><p>Foreword: Ken Krackow, Buffalo, USA</p><p></p><p>I ) Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery</p><p></p><p>1. Basics of Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery (CAOS) (L.-P.Nolte, Bern, CH)</p><p></p><p>2. CT-based Image Guided Systems (B. Jaramaz, A.M.. DiGioia III, Pittsburgh, USA)</p><p></p><p>3. Computer Integrated Systems without CT (S.D. Stulberg,Chicago, USA)</p><p>4. Bone morphing: 3D Reconstruction without Pre- or Intra-Operative Imaging. Concept and Applications</p><p></p><p>(E. Stindel, J.-L. Briard, S. Lavelée, F. Dubrana, S. Plaweski, P. Merloz, G. Lefèvre and J. Troccaz, FRANCE)</p><p></p><p>5. Fluoroscopy-based Navigation (A. Hebecker, Erlangen, GER)</p><p></p><p>II ) Total Hip Arthroplasty</p><p></p><p>6. Total Hip Arthroplasty - Basics - (B. Thomas, Le Conte, LA, USA)</p><p></p><p>II A) Navigation: Total Hip Arthroplasty</p><p></p><p>7. Mini-Incision Techniques and Navigation for Total Hip Replacement (A.M. DiGioia III, A.Y. Plakseychuk, B. Jaramaz, Pittsburgh, USA)</p><p></p><p>8. Acetabular Cup Navigation with the OrthoPilot System (H. Kiefer, Bünde, GER)</p><p></p><p>9. Acetabular Cup Navigation with the VectorVision System (W. Kluge, J. Babisch, R.A. Venbrocks , Eisenberg, GER)</p><p></p><p>10. Computer Assisted Planning and Navigation in THA with the NAVITRACK System and mediCAD</p><p></p><p>(J. Babisch, F. Layher and R.A. Venbrocks, Eisenberg, GER)</p><p></p><p> </p><p>11. Acetabular Cup Navigation with the SurgiGATE System (M. Stockheim and J. Krämer, Bochum, GER)</p><p></p><p> </p><p>12. Acetabular Cup Navigation with the SurgiGATE System in Dysplastic Hips and Revision Hip Surgery</p><p></p><p>(R. Haaker, Brakel and J. Krämer, Bochum, GER)</p><p>(</p><p>13. Femoral Stem Naviagtion with the SurgiGATE System (F. Langlotz, A. Marx, M. Kubiak-Langer, G. Zheng and U. Langlotz, Bern, CH)</p><p></p><p>II B) Robotics: Total Hip Arthroplasty</p><p></p><p>14. Robotic Hip Surgery and Current Development with the ROBODOC System (W. Bargar, Sacramento, CA, USA)</p><p></p><p>15. Comparison of Roboter Assisted and Conventional THA (M. Thomsen, Heidelberg, GER)</p><p></p><p>16. Anatomical shaped Femoral Stems - In-vitro comparison of roboter assistet versus manual implantation -(K. Knabe, C. Stukenborg-Colsmann and F. Gossé, Hannover, GER)</p><p></p><p>17. Clinical Experience with the ROBODOC System (M. Börner, U. Wiesel, W. Dietzen, Frankfurt, GER)</p><p></p><p> </p><p>19. Minimally Invasive Total Hip Arthroplasty Application of Intraoperative Navigation and Robotics -</p><p></p><p> </p><p>(F. Kerschbaumer, S. Künzler and J. Wahrburg, Frankfurt, GER)</p><p>-</p><p>20. Cement Removal with the ROBODOC System </p><p>in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty</p><p></p><p> </p><p>(M. Nogler and M.Krismer, Innsbruck, A)</p><p></p><p>21. CAD-shaped Individual Stem</p><p></p><p>(G. Gruber, Heidelberg, GER)</p><p></p><p>22. Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery</p><p>Downsides and Future Options</p><p>(J. Hassenpflug and M. Prymka, Kiel, GER)</p><p></p><p>III ) Total Knee Arthroplasty</p><p>23. Total Knee Arthroplasty</p><p></p><p>(F. Buechel, New Jersey and J.B: Stiehl, Milwaukee, USA)</p><p></p><p>24. Tibia first approach in TKR</p><p>- Surgical Techniques -</p><p></p><p>(J.B. Stiehl, Milwaukee, USA)</p><p></p><p>25. Femur first approach in TKR</p><p>- Surgical Techniques -</p><p></p><p>(Ken Krakow , Buffalo, USA)</p><p></p><p> </p><p>27. Soft Tissue Tension and Femoral Rotation in TKR</p><p></p><p>(J. Boldt Düsseldorf, GER)</p><p></p><p>III A) Navigation: Total Knee Arthroplasty</p><p></p><p>28. Postoperative Alignment of Conventional and Navigated TKR</p><p></p><p> </p><p>(W. Konermann and M. Saur, Hessisch-Lichtenau, GER)</p><p></p><p>29. Computer-assited Implantation of TKR without imaging guidance</p><p>- Kinematic System-</p><p></p><p> </p><p>(D. Saragaglia, Grenoble, F. Picard, Paris, F)</p><p></p><p>30. Computer Assisted TKR (Search )with the OrthoPilot System</p><p>- Results of a multicenter study -</p><p></p><p> </p><p>(U. Clemens, R. Miehlke, Sendenhorst, H. Kiefer, Bünde, S. Kohler, Bleicherode,</p><p>J.-Y. Jenny, Straßbourg,W. Konermann, Hessisch-Lichtenau), GER</p><p></p><p>31. Freehand Navigation and Soft Tissue appreciation using the LCS TKR</p><p>and the SurgiGATE System: </p><p></p><p> </p><p>(J.M. Strauss and W. Rüther, Hamburg, GER)</p><p></p><p>-</p><p></p><p>33. Navigation with the Galileo System</p><p></p><p> </p><p>(P. Ritschl, F. Machacek jun. and R. Fuiko, Vienna, A)</p><p></p><p>34. Navigation with the NAVITRACK System</p><p></p><p> </p><p>(T. Mattes and W. Puhl, Ulm, GER)</p><p></p><p>35. Clinical Experience with the CT-based VectorVision System</p><p></p><p> </p><p>(M. Wiese, K. Schmidt, Bochum and J. Krämer, Bochum, GER)</p><p></p><p>36. Navigation with the VectorVision System. Comparison with and</p><p>Without CT</p><p></p><p> </p><p>(L. Perlick, H. Bäthis, J. Grifka, Regensburg, GER)</p><p></p><p>37. Navigation with the Stryker System</p><p></p><p> </p><p>(M. Sparmann, B. Wolke, Berlin)</p><p></p><p>38. Navigation in Total Knee Arthroplasty based upon Kinematics</p><p>Indications and Limitations</p><p></p><p> </p><p>(C. Stukenborg-Colsman, S. Ostermeier, K. Knabe, <br>H. Windhagen, F. Grossé, GER)</p><p></p><p>39. Fluoroscopic-based Navigation with the Medtronic System</p><p>and the Genesis-Knee System.</p><p></p><p> </p><p>(F.W. Hagena, Bad Oeynhausen, GER)</p><p></p><p>40. CT-based Planning and Templating in TKR</p><p></p><p>(F. Portheine, J. Ohnsorge, E. Schkommodau and R. Radermacher, GER)</p><p></p><p>41. CT-Free Navigation with the Surgetics-Station: A new way of <br>balancing the soft tissue in TKA-based on bone morphing</p><p></p><p> </p><p>(J.-L. Briard, E. Stindel, S. Plaweski, F. Dubrana, P. Merloz, C. Lefèvre,</p><p>J. Troccaz, F. Bertrand, N. Begoc, P. Solodky, M. Breysse, FRANCE)</p><p></p><p>III B) Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty (UKA)</p><p></p><p>-</p><p></p><p>43. Unicompartimental Knee Arthroplasty using the OrthoPilot System </p><p></p><p> </p><p>(J.-Y. Jenny, C. Boeri, Straßbourg, F)</p><p></p><p>III C) Robotics: Total Knee Arthroplasty</p><p></p><p>44. Clinical Experience with CASPAR and Search-Evolution Knee Prothesis</p><p></p><p> </p><p>(S. Mai, C. Lörke and W. Siebert, Kassel)</p><p></p><p>45. Clinical Experience with the ROBODOC System</p><p>and the Duracon-Knee-Prothesis</p><p></p><p> </p><p>(M. Börner, Frankfurt)</p><p></p><p>IV ) Navigation and Robotics: Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction</p><p></p><p>46. Challenges in ACL Reconstruction: "The American View"</p><p></p><p> </p><p>(F, Fu, Pitsburgh, USA)</p><p></p><p>47. Challenges in ACL Reconstruction: "The European View"</p><p></p><p> </p><p>(S. Rupp, Langensteinbach and D. Kohn, Homburg, GER)</p><p></p><p>48. Computer Assisted ACL Reconstruction with the OrthoPilot System</p><p></p><p> </p><p> </p><p>(J. Eichhorn, Straubing, GER)</p><p></p><p>49. Computer Assisted ACL Reconstruction with the NAVITRACK System</p><p></p><p> </p><p>(A. Ellermann and R. Siebold, Pforzheim, GER)</p><p></p><p>50. Computer Assisted ACL Reconstruction with the CT-based VectorVision System</p><p></p><p> </p><p>(M. Wiese, Bochum, K. Bernsmann, Essen, A. Rosenthal, Bochum and J. Krämer, Bochum, GER)</p><p></p><p>51. CT-Free Navigation for ACL reconstruction based on<br>intra-articular bone morphing</p><p></p><p>(? Julliard, ? Plaweski, ? Lavallée, FRANCE)</p><p></p><p>52. Clinical Experience ACL Reconstruction using CASPAR</p><p></p><p> </p><p>(L. Gotzen, Marburg, GER)</p><p></p><p>V ) Navigation: Lower Extremity Correcting Osteotomies</p><p></p><p>53. Application of the OrthoPilot System for High Tibial Osteotomy</p><p></p><p>(J. Hassenpflug, Kiel, GER)</p><p></p><p>54. Triple Osteotomy using Individual CAD-shaped DISOS templates</p><p></p><p> </p><p>(H.-W. Staudte, , e. Schkommodau, M. Honscha,</p><p>F. Portheine and K. Radermacher, Würselen, GER)</p><p></p><p>55. Navigation of pelvic Correcting Osteotomies</p><p></p><p>(T. Hüfner, J. Geerling, U. Berlemann, T. Pohlemann,</p><p>T. Gösling und C. Krettek, Hannover, GER)</p><p></p><p>VI ) Navigation: Spinal Surgery</p><p></p><p>56. Fundamentals in Spinal Surgery</p><p></p><p> </p><p>(R.Rao and M. Singrakhia, Milwaukee, WI, USA)</p><p></p><p>57. Navigation in Cervical Spine surgery</p><p></p><p> </p><p>(K. Fuley, Memphis, USA)</p><p></p><p> </p><p>58. Pedicle Screw Navigation</p><p></p><p> </p><p>(U. Berlemann, J. Geerling and T. Hüfner, Hannover, GER)</p><p></p><p>59. Navigation in Spinal Surgery using Fluoroscopy</p><p></p><p> </p><p>(E. Fritsch, Homburg, GER)</p><p></p><p>60. Pedicle Screw Implantation with CAD-shaped DISOS-forms</p><p></p><p> </p><p>(E. Schkommodau, N. Decker, U. Klapper, K. Birnbaum,</p><p>H.-W. Staudte and K . Radermacher, Aachen, GER)</p><p></p><p> </p><p> </p><p>62. Navigation of Tumor and Metastatic Lesions in the Thoracolumbar Spine</p><p></p><p> </p><p>(F. Gebhard and M. Arand, Ulm, GER)</p><p></p><p>VII ) Navigation: Special Indications</p><p></p><p>63. CT-based Navigation of Osteochondral Talus Lesions (OTL)using</p><p>the Sofamor-Danek System</p><p></p><p> </p><p>(R.E. Rosenberger, C. Hoser, R.J. Bale and C. Fink, Innsbruck, A)</p><p></p><p>64. Computer-assisted Osteosynthesis of Long Bone Fractures</p><p></p><p>(P.A. Grützner, G. Zheng, B. Vock, C. Keil, L.P. Nolte and </p><p>A. Wentzensen, Ludwigshafen, GER)</p><p></p><p>65. Computer Assisted Ligament Balancing of the Femoral Tibial Joint</p><p>Using Pressure Sensors</p><p></p><p>(R. Wasielewski, Columbus Ohio, USA)</p><p></p><p>66. Computer Assisted Pressure Measurement in the Patello Femoral Joint..</p><p></p><p>(J. Mortier and L. Zichner, Frankfurt, GER)</p><p></p><p>VIII) Visions</p><p></p><p>67. Navigation - Where do we go from here </p><p></p><p>(F. Langlotz, Bern, CH)</p><p></p><p>68. The Asian Knee - Is Navigation possible</p><p></p><p>(P. Chiu, Hong Kong)</p><p></p><p>70. Evolution of Navigation: The Operating Room in the Year 2012</p><p></p><p>(H.P. Tümmler, Aesculap, Tuttlingen, GER)</p><p></p><p>71. Total Joint and Spine Surgery in 2005</p><p></p><p>(A. Steiner, J. Hey, Siemens, Erlangen, GER)</p><p></p><p>72. Status Quo and Options in Medical Robotics </p><p>(M. Börner, W. Dietzen, Frankfurt, GER)</p>