This volume contains papers presented at the Fifth International Symposium on Intra cranial Pressure held on May 30-June 3,1982, in Tokyo, Japan. The Symposium has continued to grow since it began in 1972, and this year it was comprised 121 oral and 46 poster presentations. This considerable number was chosen from the more than 216 abstracts that were received, which made the selection process very difficult. We would like to thank the Program Committee for their efforts. One hundred and fifty-one of the manuscripts are printed here. The classic papers, short communications, and the presentations for the poster sessions here appear together under their appropriate topic heading. There were eleven sessions which spanned the most basic scientific descriptions of ICP dynamics to the most recent clinical advances and debate. Also included are the seven special seminars given by the invited speakers. These spe cial seminars were an innovation at this symposium as a means of reviewing the major aspects and history and of projecting the future directions of this expanding field. The organizers wish to thank the Advisory Committee for their guidance and focus, and to express their appreciation to everyone who contributed to the success of this meeting - to the Chairmen and Co-chairmen, to all of the members and participants, and not least of all to our executive staff who worked behind the scenes. We also wish to acknowledge our gratitude to Springer-Verlag for their technical aid and for their prompt publication of this volume.

Special Seminar

ICP Revisited
Sympathetic Nervous Control of CSF Production in Normal and Hydrocephalic Animals, and Its Relationship to Cerebral Blood Volume and Intracranial Pressure
New Trends for the Evaluation of Experimental Brain Edema
Significance and Management of Intracranial Hypertension in Head Injury
CT, NMR, and Emission Tomography in the Diagnosis and Management of Brain Swelling and Intracranial Hypertension
The Saga of the Monro-Kellie Doctrine
Session A: Methodology
Critical Study of the Coplanarity. The Dura Mater as Measurement Interface of the Intracranial Pressure (ICP) by the Epidural Method
Epidural Intracranial Pressure Monitoring: A New Method
An Indwelling Epidural Pressure Sensor with Integrated Circuits for Biotelemetry
ICP Measurement of Hydrostatic Pressure Balance Method
Intracranial Pressure Monitoring by Fiber Optic Technique
Experimental and Clinical Experience with a New Solid State Intracranial Pressure Monitor with In Vivo Zero Capability
A Simple Clinical ICP Meter
Clinical Comparison of Intracranial Pressure Measurements Provided by Subdural Screws and Ventricular Catheters
ICP-Monitoring in the Middle Cranial Fossa. A Comparison Between the Intraventricular Method and the Introduction of a Catheter Tip Transducer into the Parasellar Cistern via the Foramen Ovale
Characteristics of a New ICP Monitoring Device
Accurate Intracranial Pressure Monitoring
Chronic Monitoring of Intraventricular Pressure in Children Using Telemetry: Engineering and Physiologic Aspects
Experiences with a New Telemetric Pressure Meter
Usefulness of ICP Histogram and ICP Histogram Array in ICP Monitoring
ICP Monitoring Combined with the Spectrum Analysis of EEG
Computerized Monitoring of ICP
Prediction of ICP and Pressure Wave Discrimination with Our Intelligent Monitor System (IMNIC-1)
Automatic ICP Controller: A New Device
Automated Cerebral Perfusion Pressure Control: A Preliminary Report
Session B: Pulse Wave
CSF-Dynamics: Integration of Pulsatory Components and Autoregulation into a Mathematical Model
Starling Resistor as a Model of the Cerebrovascular Bed
CSF Pulse Wave, ICP, and Autoregulation
Computer-Analysis of ICP-Modulations: Clinical Significance and Prediction of ICP-Dynamics
The CSF Pulse Pressure as Indicator of Intracranial Elastance: The Role of the Pulsatile Changes in Cerebral Blood Volume
ICP - Some Observations
Analysis of the Pulse Waveform of ICP in Cases with Congenital Heart Disease
Analysis of CSF Pulse Wave of Cats
Conduction Time of the Pulse Through the Brain with Increased Intracranial Pressure
Changes of Epidural Pulse Waveform in Increased Intracranial Pressure
Session C: Pressure-Volume Study
New Aspects of Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation Models with Emphasis on the Stability of the Model Parameters
An Automated Method of Measurement of Intracranial Mechanical Properties
The Calculation of Brain Elastic Response Parameters in Vivo
The Effects of Cortical Cold Lesion on the Intracranial Pressure-Volume Relationship of Brain ElastiCity
Pressure Volume Changes in Isobaric Brain Impaction
The CSF Volume/Pressure Relationship in Man
Pressure-Volume Diagram, Pulse Amplitude and Intracranial Pulse Volume. Analysis and Significance
Does "Cortisol Ejection" Disturb PSDICP During CPERT Test?
ICP/CPP Measurements and Analysis of the Cerebral Elastance Curve with a Microcomputerized System for Neurosurgical Intensive Care
Brain Elastic Parameters and Cerebral Hemodynamics in Hemorrhagic Hypotension
Comparison of Bolus and Constant Infusion Techniques for Determining the Resistance of the Absorption of CSF
The Effect of Craniectomy on the Intracranial Pressure-Volume Relationship and Its Rlevance to the Syndrome of Shunt Dependent Ventricles
Session D: ICP Oscillation (Cerebrovascular Aspect)
Plateau Wave Etiology
The Etiology of Plateau Waves: A Theoretical Model and Experimental Observations
Oscillating Cerebral Blood Volume: The Origin of B-Waves
The Role of Intracranial Blood Volume in Mechanical and Pharmacological Decompression
Relationship of Cerebral Blood Volume Changes and Estimated Intracranial Compliance
Compliance-Estimation of Isolated Spinal Fluid Space in Humans
The Conflict Between CSF Pulse Pressure and Volume-Pressure Response During Plateau Waves
Vasomotor Response in Acute Intracranial Hypertension
Importance of Cerebral O2 Extraction Reserve During Elevated Intracranial Pressure in Young Lambs
Sympathoadrenergic Modulation of Cerebral Blood Volume During Increased ICP
Cerebral Venous Circulation Mechanism During Intracranial Hypertension
Possible Mechanism Influencing Decrease of Intracranial Pressure Occurring Following Arousal
ICP Changes During Sleep in Man
Session E: Blood Brain Barrier and Brain Edema
Anatomical Studies of Blood Brain Barrier Disruption Following Intracarotid Bile Salt Infusion
Aminobenzyl Penicillin Penetration Through Blood-Brain Barrier in Experimental Brain Edema
Comparative Reassessment of the Gravimetric and the Drying-Weighing Methods
Alterations of Brain Water with Increased Intracranial Pressure
Intracranial Pressure and Extracellar Bulk Flow in Hyposmolar Edema
Changes of Osmolality of Brain, Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma in Acute Cytotoxic Edema in Cats
Ischemic Brain Edema: Cytotoxic and Vasogenic Factors
Ischemic Brain Edema and the Glutathione System
The Effect of High Intracranial Pressure on Activation and Release of Mediator Compounds in Traumatic Vasogenic Brain Edema
Electrophysiological and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Changes Associated with Direct Infusion Edema
The Effects of Brain Edema Fluid on Cerebral Blood Flow in the Tissue Infusion Model
Effects of Various Therapeutic Management on Raised Intracranial Pressure and on Dynamics Brain Edema in Brain Abscess Model in Cats
Regional Evaluation of Blood Flow and Metabolism in Experimental Brain Tumor of Rats
Tumor-Induced Brain Edema and Its Treatment. A Quantitative Autoradiographic Study
Session F: Brain Stem Dysfunction
Mutual Relations Between Shifting of Focal Brain Structures and Intracranial Pressure
Cerebral Blood Flow in the Brain Stem During Increased ICP
Changes in Local Blood Flow of the Brain Stem in Acute Intracranial Hypertension - An Experimental Study
Cardiovascular Effects of a Graded Increase in ICP
The Relationship Between Cerebral Perfusion Pressure and Auditory Nerve Brain Stem Evoked Response - Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications
Serial Observations of Brain Stem Function in Acute Intracranial Hypertension by Auditory Brain Stem Responses - A Clinical Study
Session G: Head Injury
Effect of Direction of Head Movement on ICP in Experimental Head Injury
Autoregulation of CBF in Response to Changes in Arterial and Intracranial Pressure After Experimental Head Injury
Factors Relating to Intracranial Hypertension in Acute Head Injury
Cerebral Blood Volume and Intracranial Pressure in Head Injured Patients
Intracranial Pressure, Primary/Secondary Brain Stem Injury and Prognosis in Cerebral Trauma
Renal Dysfunction After Head Injury: Relation to Intracranial Pressure
Selecting Patients for Intracranial Pressure Monitoring in Severe Head Injury
The Value of ICP-Monitoring in the Treatment of Traumatic Bilaterally or Medially Situated Intracerebral Contusional Hemorrhages
The Value of Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Measurement in Acute Severe Head Injury Showing Diffuse Cerebral Swelling
Pathophysiology and Clinical Significance of ICP Course in Comatose, Patients with Severe Head Injury
Clinical Course and Intracranial Pressure in Patients with Post-traumatic Diffuse Brain Damage
Clinical Course Correlated to the Type of Intracranial Lesion in Severe Head Injury
The Effects of Three Potentially Preventable Complications on Outcome After Severe Closed Head Injury
The Natural History of Raised Intracranial Pressure After Head Injury in Man
Outcome Associated with Management Based on ICP Monitoring
Relationship Between CT Indices of Brain Swelling and Intracranial Pressure After Head Injury
Control of Intracranial Pressure in Severe Head Injury
Effects of Naloxone on ICP and Systemic Cardiovascular Responses After Experimental Closed Head Injury in the Cat
Session H: Hydrocephalus
Effect of Sympathetic Denervation on Various Aspects of Transport Function in the Mammalian Choroid Plexus
Electron Microscopy of Human Arachnoid Villi Removed During Operation in Different Pathological Conditions
CSF Dynamics and Brain Metabolism in Experimental Hydrocephalus
Pressure-Facilitated CSF Flow Across the Arachnoid Membrane
CSF Outflow Resistance: Effects of Transvillus Pressure Gradients and CSF Production
Cerebrospinal Fluid Absorption into the Lymphatic System in Increased Intracranial Pressure
Flow of Brain Interstitial Fluid and Drainage into Cerebrospinal Fluid and Lymph
Abnormal Brain Compliance as a Cause of Hydrocephalus in Children
Analysis of Intracranial Pressure in Infantile Hydrocephalus
Further Experiences with the Intrathecal Infusion Test in the Management of Communicating Hydrocephalus
Steady-State and Bolus Infusions in Hydrocephalus
CSF-Dynamics in Patients with Suspected Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus Studied with the Bolus-Injection Technique and a Steady-State Infusion Test
Assessment of ICP and rCBF in Cases Showing Ventricular Dilatation Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Changes of Intracranial Pressure, Cerebral Blood Flow and Ventricular Size in Patients with the Complication of Communicating Hydrocephalus after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Periventricular Lucency (Edema) in Computed Tomography and Conductance to CSF Outflow in Patients with High Pressure Hydrocephalus and Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Differentiation of Periventricular Lucency (PVL) and Other Types of Hypodensity in Various Forms of Hydrocephalus
Hydrodynamics in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus - Correlation Between the Incidence of B-Waves, Dynamics of Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation, and Cerebral Blood Flow
ICP Changes Following Hypoxia and Ketamine Administration - Its Usefulness in Determining Indications for Operation in NPH
Prognostic Value of Continuous ICP Monitoring, Computerized EEG Topography, and Regional CBF in Communicating Hydrocephalus
Session I: Cerebrovascular Diseases
A New Experimental Method for Producing Sagittal Sinus Occlusion and the Change of CSF Dynamics in Sinus Occlusion
The Effects of Middle Cerebral Artery Embolisation on Intracranial Pressure, Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Regional Energy Metabolism
Effect of a Ca++ Channel Blocker on the Cerebral Reflow Phenomenon in the Dog
Pressure Differential, 1-CBF and Vascular Reactivity During Experimental SAH
Intraventricular Pressure After Aneurysm Operations
Size of Hematoma and Time Course of Intracranial Pressure in Patients with Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Sequential Changes of the Epidural, the Ventricular and the Surrounding Tissue Pressure in Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Session J: Drugs and Anesthetics
The Mechanism of ICP Reducing Effect of Mannitol
The Effect of Mannitol and Frusemide on the Blood-Brain Osmotic Gradient and Intracranial Pressure
A Study of Mannitol and Glycerol on the Reduction of Raised Intracranial Pressure on Their Rebound Phenomenon
Effectiveness of Fluid Restriction, Mannitol and Frusemide in Reducing ICP
The Effects of Mannitol on Intracranial Pressure, Cerebral Perfusion Pressure and Cerebral Blood Flow in Head Injury
Significance of Colloid Osmotic Pressure in a Condition of Raised ICP with Brain Edema
Determination of Dexamethasone with Radioimmuno-Assay in Cases of Cerebral Edema Caused by Head Injury or Brain Tumor, in Correlation with Serum Levels of Catecholamine
Effect of Acetazolamide and Dexamethasone on the Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure in Patients with Pseudotumor Cerebri
Distribution of Pressure Waves A and B Over a 24-Hours Period in Patients with Brain Tumor, and the Effects of Steroid
The Influence of Triamcinolone Acetonide on Raised ICP
The Effects of Dexamethasone on Surgical Stress in Neurosurgical Patients Assessed by the Measurement of Hormone Levels LH, FSH, GH, ACTH, Cortisol and Testosterone
Paradoxical Effects of Barbiturates on ICP. Acutely Increased by Cold Induced Edema in Cats
Cardiodynamics During Pentobarbital Therapy for Acute Increased Intracranial Pressure
Intracranial Pressure Responses to Electroencephalographic Changes in Epileptic Seizures and Barbiturate Coma Therapy
Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Reduction by Intravenous Thiopentone
Massive Intraoperative Brain Swelling - Can It Be Treated?
High Dose Barbiturate Therapy for Severe Post-traumatic Intracranial Hypertension
Attenuation of Freeze Injury Intracranial Hypertension in Cats, Using D-600
Effect of Alkalizing Agents on Ischemic Cerebral Swelling After Acute Cerebrovascular Revascularization
Influence of Hyperventilation Upon rCBF in the White Matter, with Mass Lesions
The Relationship Between Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure Changes and Cerebral Blood Flow, During Anesthesia and the Administration of Vasodilating Drugs
Changes in Cerebral Blood Volume Under Conditions of Increased Intracranial Pressure
Intracranial Pressure Changes During the Induction of Anesthesia with Etomidate in Neurosurgical Patients
Anesthetic Induction with Althesion Infusion Prevention of ICP Changes During Laryngoscopy and Intubation
Computerized Evaluation of ICP During Controlled Hypotension with Nitroglycerin in Neurosurgery
Effects of PEEP on Air Embolism and ICP During Neurosurgical Procedures in the Sitting Position
Session K: Miscellaneous
Evaluation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt Patency with High Magnetic Floater
Effects of Retraction on the Brain: An Experimental Study
Extradural Arteriovenous Shunting - An Important Pathophysiological Factor in Epidural Bleeding
Hyperosmolarity Complicating Management of Intracranial Hypertension
Vasopressin Concentration in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Conductance to CSF Outflow in Benign Intracranial Hypertension and Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Relationship Between Intracranial Pressure and Experimental Convulsions
Peripheral Organ Blood Flow Distribution During Raised Intracranial Pressure in Young Lambs
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure Studies in Acutely III Newborn Infants
Secretary's Address
Oscillation of Intracranial Pressure and Local Cerebral Metabolism.