This book is a state of the art guide to the diagnosis of extracranial vascular pathologies with modern noninvasive neuroimaging and vascular imaging techniques. The opening sections provide a thorough introduction to arterial and venous anatomy, basic hemodynamics, and the principles of noninvasive vascular diagnostics, including by means of color Doppler ultrasound, CT and CT angiography (356- and 640-slice systems), and MRI and MR angiography (1.5 and 3 T). The main body of the book is devoted to the use of these methods to image cerebral ischemia and a wide variety of extracranial arterial and venous anomalies and pathologies. Neuroimaging and vascular imaging diagnostic criteria are clearly identified with the aid of many high-quality images, and the advantages and disadvantages of each modality for each pathology are explained. Information is also presented on etiology, pathophysiology, and other relevant aspects. A concluding section discusses the role of complementary noninvasive functional tests. The book will be a valuable resource for neurologists, angiologists, neuroradiologists, neurosurgeons, trainees, and all physicians who care for patients with cerebrovascular diseases.

Introduction

Part   I - Vascular anatomy and Basic hemodynamics
1. Anatomy of cerebral circulation system
2. Basic Principles of hemodynamics
Part II - Basic principles of non-invasive vascular diagnostic
1. Basic principles of  Ultrasound diagnostics
2. Principles of extracranial arterial and venous ultrasound examination
3. Principles of Computed Tomography  and Computed  Tomography angiography
4. Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging  and Magnetic Resonance angiography
5. CTA and MRA- Postprocessing and Data Analysis
Part III - Cerebral ischemia
1. Stroke ( Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Risk-factors,  Types,  Imaging)
2. CT / MRI  perfusion in Acute   stroke-94
Part IV - Pathologies of extracranial vessels
1. Atherostenosis and thrombosis of extracranial vessels
2. Common Carotid Artery Intima-media layer changes
3. Structural characteristics of atherosclerotic plaque
4. Surgical treatment end endovascular revascularization  of  carotid  stenosis
5. Deformation of extracranial arteries
6. Takayasu`s arteritis
7. Subclavian steal effect
8. Dissection of extracranial arteries
9. Aneurism and pseudoaneurism of extracranial arteries
10. Congenital variations of extracranial arteries
11. Pathological findings in the jugular veins
Part V - Methods of non-invasive functional examination of cerebrovascular system
1. Detection of cerebral microemboli
2. Assessment of cerebrovascular reactivity