Advanced textile materials and intelligent fabric systems for emerging applications

Technical textiles now deliver functional properties ranging from fire resistance and water repellency to personalized thermal comfort, yet the field lacks a unified treatment spanning both technical and smart textile domains. Technical Textiles and Smart Textiles: Materials, Technologies, and Applications, edited by a team of textile chemistry and engineering researchers from leading Indian institutions, provides that integrated coverage across materials, manufacturing, and application areas.

The book is organized in three parts. Part one covers advanced materials, manufacturing techniques, coloration developments, finishing, coating, and protective and performance textiles with applications in medical, healthcare, and automotive sectors. Part two addresses smart textile materials and their applications in wearable devices and energy harvesting. Part three examines design, sustainability, and future directions.

Readers will also find:

• Detailed case studies and real-world examples from industry leaders illustrating practical implementations of technical and smart textile solutions
• Coverage of microencapsulation technology, functional finishes, and sustainable dyeing methods applied to advanced textile substrates and fabric systems
• Analysis of wearable device integration and energy harvesting textile architectures for next-generation intelligent fabric applications across multiple sectors
• Discussion of protective textile systems addressing fire resistance, water repellency, and bulletproof capabilities for specialized performance environments
• Examination of sustainability frameworks and future research directions shaping the evolution of both technical and smart textile fields

Designed for materials scientists, textile engineers, electronics engineers, and industry professionals, this reference connects advanced textile science with applied engineering across medical, automotive, energy, and wearable technology domains. It serves as a structured resource for researchers and practitioners navigating the convergence of technical and smart textile systems.

Preface xix

Part 1 Technical Textiles 1

1 Introduction to Technical Textiles 3
Mayuri Srivastava, Chandra Jeet Singh, Pushpapraj Singh, Bipin Kumar, and S. Wazed Ali

1.1 Overview 3
1.2 Definition of Technical Textiles 3
1.3 Historical Development 4
1.4 Characteristics of Technical Textiles 4
1.5 Materials and Manufacturing of Technical Textiles 4
1.6 Applications of Technical Textiles 8
1.7 Market Growth and Economic Significance 11
1.8 Challenges and Future Directions 12
1.9 Conclusion 13

2 Advanced Materials and Their Application in Technical Textiles 17
Ajit Kumar Pattanaik, Amit Madhu, Nagender Singh

2.1 Introduction 17
2.2 High-performance Fibers in Technical Textiles: Classification and Applications 18
2.3 Stimuli-responsive and Functional Materials (Smart Textures) 23
2.4 Nanomaterials and Multifunctional Integration 28
2.5 Innovation Frontier in Aerospace Applications 30
2.6 Advancement in Defense and Security Systems 32
2.7 Environmental Remediation and Sustainable Engineering 34
2.8 Strategic Challenges, Market Dynamics, and Future Directions 36
2.9 Conclusions and Strategic Outlook 38

3 Advanced Manufacturing Techniques for Technical Textiles 41
Nabo Kumar Barman, Krishnasamy Jagatheesan, and Purvi Mistry

3.1 Introduction 41
3.2 Electrospinning Process 41
3.3 3D Weaving Process 53
3.4 3D Knitting Process 64viii Contents
3.5 Advanced Nonwovens 70

4 Recent Developments and Advancements in Technical Textiles Coloration, Finishing, and Coatings 87
Shriyasha Tari, Binny Bipasha Das, and Ashok Athalye

4.1 Introduction 87
4.2 Buildtech 88
4.3 Clothtech 93
4.4 Geotech 94
4.5 Hometech 96
4.6 Indutech 99
4.7 Medtech 103
4.8 Mobiltech 105
4.9 Oekotech 108
4.10 Coloration as a Functional Tool in Oekotech 109
4.11 Packtech 110
4.12 Protech 112
4.13 Sportech 115

5 Protective and Performance Textiles and Their Development and Advancements 125
Shankar Lal Sharma, Lalit Jajpura, and Mukesh Bajya

5.1 Introduction 125
5.2 Classification of Personal Protective Textiles 129
5.3 Fire-resistant Protection 135
5.4 Ballistic Protective Textiles 142
5.5 Extreme Cold- and Hot-weather Protection 147
5.6 Conclusion 152

6 Technical Textiles for Medical and Healthcare Applications 161
Ashish Hooda, Neetu Rani, and Abhilasha Rangi

6.1 Introduction 161
6.2 Classification of Medical Textiles 164
6.3 Fibers Used in Medical Textiles 166
6.4 Fabrication Technologies 168
6.5 Applications in Wound Care and Healing 171
6.6 Implants and Tissue Engineering Scaffolds 173
6.7 Healthcare and Hygiene Textiles 175
6.8 Case Studies 176
6.9 Standards, Regulations, and Testing Protocols 178
6.10 Future Trends and Challenges 179xii Contents
6.11 Conclusion 181

7 Technical Textiles for Automotive Applications 187
Jaya Sharma, Shivangi Shukla, G.V. Ramana, and B.K. Behera

7.1 Introduction 187
7.2 Manufacturing Technologies, Applications, and Economic Considerations 189
7.3 Utilization of FRP Composite Materials in the Automotive Industry 194
7.4 Safety Measures 198
7.5 Latest Advancement in Automotive 205
7.6 Innovations and Future Trends 207
7.7 Challenges and Future Prospects 207
7.8 Conclusion 208

8 Technical Textiles in Aerospace and Defense Applications 219
Shelly Khanna and Manisha Yadav

8.1 Introduction 219
8.2 Aeronautical and Space Textiles 220
8.3 Defense Clothing 227
8.4 Conclusion 234

Part 2 Smart Textiles 239

9 Introduction to Smart Textiles 241
Ankur Shukla, Priy