INTRODUCTION<br> <br>FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES<br>Typical Battery Pattern and Corresponding Functions<br>Operating Mechanism of the Devices<br>Critical Parameters and Design Proposal<br>Common Investigation Technologies<br>Common Design Strategies for High-Performance Electrode Materials<br> <br>LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES<br>Brief Introduction<br>Cathode Materials<br>Anode Materials<br> <br>SODIUM-ION BATTERIES<br>Introduction<br>Energy Storage Mechanism<br>Cathode Materials<br>Anode Materials<br>Electrolyte<br>Sodium-Ion Battery in Extreme Temperature<br>Other Na Based Technologies<br>Summary and Outlook<br> <br>ALL-SOLID-STATE BATTERIES<br>Introduction<br>Ion Transport Mechanism<br>Key Performance Parameters<br>Classification of Solid Electrolytes<br>Practical Problems and Critical Challenges<br>Practical Advances in Electric Vehicles and other Areas<br> <br>LITHIUM-SULFUR BATTERY<br>Fundamental Understanding of Li-S Battery<br>Sulfur Cathode<br>Electrolyte<br>Anode<br>Li-S Pouch Cells Analysis<br> <br>AQUEOUS MULTIVALENT METAL ION BATTERIES: FUNDAMENTAL MECHANISM AND APPLICATION<br>Introduction<br>Classification Based on Energy Storage Mechanism<br>Highly Stable and Energetic Cathodes<br>Strategies for Dendrite-Free Metal Anodes<br>Strategies for Design Electrolyte<br>Design Strategies for Extreme Temperatures<br>Practical Progress in Grid-Scale Energy Storage and Wearable Device<br> <br>LI-O2 AND LI-CO2 BATTERIES<br>Introduction<br>The Mechanism for Li-O2 and Li-CO2 Batteries<br>Cathode Materials Design Strategy<br>Electrolyte and Electrolyte Stability<br>Stable Anode/Electrolyte Interface Construction<br>Application Potential Analysis<br> <br>SUPERCAPACITORS<br>Brief Introduction<br>Energy Storage Mechanism<br>Electrode Materials<br>Electrolyte<br>Conclusion<br> <br>BATTERY-SUPERCAPACITOR HYBRID DEVICES<br>Introduction<br>Classification Based on Energy Storage Mechanism<br>Key Scientific Problems<br>Electrode Materials<br>Microgrids Energy Storage<br>Summary and Perspectives<br> <br>FUEL CELLS<br>Overview<br>Thermodynamics and the Kinetics<br>Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell<br>Alkaline Fuel Cells<br>Other Fuel Cells<br>Fuel Cell System<br>