This book summarizes the experience gained by the Orthopedic Study Group for the Knee (OAK) of the Swiss Orthopedic Society in dealing with knee problems relating to deficiencies of the cruciate ligaments. The editors, R.P. Jakob and H.-U.Staubli, have collaborated with international authorities to produce this ex cellent work dealing with a great many aspects of knee surgery and especially the problems of the cruciate ligaments. For clarity, the book begins with definitions and explanations of basic biomechan ical terms. The chapters on Anatomy and Biomechanics present up-to-date scien tific information based on anatomic and biomechanical principles as they are ap plied in modern knee surgery. The second part of the book focuses on the OAK-sanctioned approach to knee documentation and evaluation, which is a valuable supplement to other knee evaluation schemes. The European Society for Knee Surgery (ESKA) and the American Orthopedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM) are currently at tempting to combine the advantages of the OAK system with an internationally valid evaluation scheme to create a standard evaluation and documentation sys tem that will be acceptable to all physicians.

Terms, Definitions, and Glossaries

Historical and Current Perspectives in the Treatment of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Insufficiency
Anatomy and Biomechanics
Surgical Anatomy of the Knee Joint
The Popliteus Muscle
Structural Molecules in Articular Cartilage, Tendons, and Ligaments
Functional Anatomy of the Cruciate Ligaments
Anatomy and Biomechanics of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament: A Three-Dimensional Problem
Significance of Anatomy and Biomechanics
OAK Knee Documentation and Evaluation
OAK Knee Evaluation: A New Way to Assess Knee Ligament Injuries
Evaluation of Knee Ligament Injuries: The OAK and IKDC Forms
Diagnosis, Pathomechanics, and Pathomorphology of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Insufficiency
Diagnosis of Acute Tears of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament, and the Clinical Features of Chronic Anterior Instability
Pathomechanical and Clinical Concepts of the Pivot Shift Phenomenon
Anterior Subluxation in Knees with Chronic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Insufficiency: A Comparison of Arthrometry and Stressradiography
Our Current Technique of Stressradiography Near Extension
Anterior Subluxation in the Chronically Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Deficient Knee: Comparison of Simultaneous Arthrometry and Stressradiography Using the KT1000
The Various Faces of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears During Arthroscopic Examination
New Imaging Techniques
The Drawer Simulator: A Practice-Oriented Training Device for Anteroposterior Stability Testing in the Knee
Morphology and Function of the Cruciate Ligaments in a Computer Simulation Model
Production of Mechanical Knee Models for Training
Femoropatellar Problems Associated with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Insufficiency
Classification of Meniscal Tears Associated with Lesions of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Natural History of Untreated Tears of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Natural History of Associated Intraarticular Pathology in the Chronic Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Deficient Knee
Aplasia of the Cruciate Ligaments
Concepts and Experience in the Treatment of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Disorders
Healing Processes
Morphologic Ultrastructure of Repaired and Reconstructed Ligaments
Indications for the Operative and Conservative Treatment of Cruciate Ligament Injuries
Indications for Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Recapitulation
Acute Tears of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Treatment of Acute Tears
Primary Repair of Acute Ruptures
Late Results after Primary Repair
Avulsion Fractures of the Intercondylar Eminence in Adolescents: Pathophysiology, Case Material, and Late Results
Dislocation of the Knee
Injuries of the Collateral Ligaments and Menisc
Instability of the Medial Collateral Ligament: Operative or Nonoperative Treatment?
Treatment of Combined Injuries of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Medial Collateral Ligament Complex
Meniscus Repairs
Meniscus Repair with Special Reference to Arthroscopic Technique
Open Meniscus Repair: Technique, Postoperative Treatment, and Results
Chronic Insufficiency of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Autologous or Allogeneic Reconstruction?
Arthroscopically Assisted Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament. Preoperative Planning: Two-Tunnel Technique
Reconstruction of the ACL with a Patellar Tendon Graft Based on the Infrapatellar Fat Pad: An Experimental Study in Animals
Use of the Semitendinosus Tendon for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Anterior Cruciate Reconstruction Through a Transligamentous Approach
Modification of the Clancy Patellar Tendon Reconstruction of the ACL: Analysis of Three-Year Results
Surgical Treatment of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Insufficiency: Comparison of Results of Repair, Primary Augmentation, and Reconstruction
Late Results after ACL Reconstruction with an Autologous Free Patellar Tendon Graft
Extraarticular Lateral Reconstructions
Arthroscopic Techniques of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Kenneth Jones Technique of Arthroscopic Cruciate Reconstruction
Arthroscopically Assisted Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using a Free Patellar Tendon Graft
Arthroscopically Assisted ACL Reconstruction Using Autologous Quadriceps Tendon
Cruciate Reconstruction under Arthroscopic Control: Technique and Preliminary Results
Injuries of Posterolateral Structures and the Posterior Cruciate Ligament
Lateral and Posterolateral Rotatory Instability of the Knee
The Popliteus Tendon and Its Fascicles in the Popliteal Hiatus: Arthroscopic Functional Anatomy with and without ACL Insufficiency
Synthetic Materials for Ligament Reconstruction
Biomechanical Considerations
Current Status of Synthetic Ligament Reconstruction
Synthetic Augmentation of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repairs and Reconstructions
Instability and Osteoarthritis
Instability-Related Osteoarthritis: Special Indications for Osteotomies in the Treatment of the Unstable Knee
Monopodal Weight-Bearing Radiography of the Chronically Unstable Knee
Role of Unicompartmental Arthroplasty in Femorotibial Osteoarthritis with a Deficient Central Pivot
Complications of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Intra- and Postoperative Complications
Role of Arthroscopy in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Complications of ACL Reconstruction
Rehabilitation and Evaluation
Aspects of Rehabilitation in the Anterior Cruciate L.ig ament-Deficient Knee
Functional Rehabilitation after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Isokinetic Testing to Evaluate Quadriceps and Hamstring Strength after a Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair or Reconstruction
Concluding Remarks
Rationale and Benefit of Treating Cruciate Ligament Lesions: The Payer's Perspective
Future Outlook.