Research in recent years has increasingly shifted away from purely academic research, and into applied aspects of the discipline, including climate change research, conservation, and sustainable development. It has by now widely been recognized that "traditional" knowledge is always in flux and adapting to a quickly changing environment. Trends of globalization, especially the globalization of plant markets, have greatly influenced how plant resources are managed nowadays. While ethnobotanical studies are now available from many regions of the world, no comprehensive encyclopedic series focusing on the worlds mountain regions is available in the market. Scholars in plant sciences worldwide will be interested in this website and its dynamic content. 
The field (and thus the market) of ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology has grown considerably in recent years.  Student interest is on the rise, attendance at professional conferences has grown steadily, and the number of professionals calling themselves ethnobotanists has increased significantly (the various societies (Society for Economic Botany, International Society of Ethnopharmacology, Society of Ethnobiology, International Society for Ethnobiology, and many regional and national societies in the field currently have thousands of members). Growth has been most robust in BRIC countries.
The objective of this new MRW on Ethnobotany of Mountain Regions is to take advantage of the increasing international interest and scholarship in the field of mountain research. We anticipate including the best and latest research on a full range of descriptive, methodological, theoretical, and applied research on the most important plants for each region. Each contribution will be scientifically rigorous and contribute to the overall field of study.

<b>Preface</b><br><b>Chapter 1: Caatinga Ecosystem: A Geo-Environmental and Human Look</b>Reinaldo Farias Paiva de Lucena, Bartolomeu Israel de Sousa, Eduardo Rodrigues Viana de Lima, Denise Dias da Cruz, Thamires Kelly Nunes Carvalho, Ramon dos Santos Sousa<b><br></b><b>Chapter 2: Comparative Ethnobotanical Study Between Plain Regions and Mountain Regions in the Semiarid Region of Brazil</b>Reinaldo Farias Paiva de Lucena, Carlos Antônio Belarmino Alves, Thamires Kelly Nunes Carvalho, Camilla Marques de Lucena, Ezequeil Ferreira de Sousa, João Everrhon da Silva Ribeiro<br><b>Chapter 3: Ecological and Evolutionary Aspects that Influence the Knowledge of Medicinal Plants in Caatinga</b>Risoneide Henriques da Silva, Edwine Soares  de Oliveira, Joelson Moreno de Brito Moura, Mirela Natália Santos, Ulysses Paulino de Albuquerque<br><b>Chapter 4: Social Vulnerability and Dependence on Plant Resources in Caatinga</b>Leonardo da Silva Chaves; Edwine Soares de Oliveira; Carlos Vinicius Silveira da Cunha Melo; Valdir de Moura Brito Júnior, Temóteo Luiz Lima da Silva; Ulysses Paulino de Albuquerque<br><b>Chapter 5: People-Guided Reconstruction of the Plant Landscape: The Effect of Breeding in Caatinga Environments</b>Leonardo da Silva Chaves; Ana Karina Caetano dos Santos Marques; Clara de Assis Andrade; Josivan Soares da Silva; Ulysses Paulino de Albuquerque<br><b>Chapter 6: Sociocultural Aspects and Management for Biocultural Conservation in Caatinga</b>Ana Karina C.S. Marques, Mirela Natália Santos, Nylber da Silva, Ulysses Paulino de Albuquerque<br><b>Chapter 7: Living Agroecological Experiences in the Semiarid Region of Brazil</b>Fillipe Silveira Marini, Marcelo Galassi Paranhos and Josias de Castro Galvão<br><b>Chapter 8: Jurema: A Sacred Plant in Northeastern of Brazil</b>Flávia de Barros Prado Moura, Henrique Costa Hermenegildo da Silva e Sâmia Andrícia Souza da Silva<br><b>Chapter 9: Can Landscape Transformations Change the Use and Selection Criteria for Domestic Timber Resources? A Case Study in the Serrote do Amparo Community, Santana do Ipanema-Alagoas</b>Carlos Henrique Tavares Mendes, Marcelo Alves Ramos and Taline Cristina da Silva<br><b>Chapter 10: Ethnobotanical Uses and Anatomical Structure of Medicinal Plants of the Caatinga</b>Rejane Magalhães de Mendonça Pimentel, Clébio Pereira Ferreira, Milena Dutra da Silva, Maria das Graças Santos das Chagas, Janaína Vital de Albuquerque, Luiz Henrique Gonçalves da Silva<br><b>Chapter 11: Forest Restoration in Caatinga</b>Jacob Silva Souto<br><b>Chapter 12: Rationality in Contemporary Ethnobiology</b>Sérgio de Faria Lopes<br><b>Chapter 13: Sustainability Indicators System for Family Agriculture and Conflict Management in the Caatinga Area</b>Izabel Cavalcanti Barros Lamenha Pinto, Cícero de Sousa Lacerda, Camilla Marques de Lucena, Reinaldo Farias Paiva de Lucena<br><b>Chapter 14: Conservation Priority Index of Medicinal Plants in the Semiarid Region of Brazil</b>Ezequiel Ferreira da Costa, André dos Santos Souza, Rainer W. Bussmann, Narel Y. Paniagua Zambrana, Denise Dias da Cruz, Reinaldo Farias Paiva de Lucena<br><b>Chapter 15: Ecological Appearance Hypothesis: Defining Regional Patterns of Use of Native Caatinga Species</b>Reinaldo Farias Paiva de Lucena, Thamires Kelly Nunes Carvalho, Ezequiel Ferreira de Sousa, Camilla Marques de Lucena, André dos Santos Souza, Denise Dias da Cruz<br><b>Chapter 16: Human Capital in the Process of Adaptation to Climate Variations in the Semiarid Region of Brazil</b>José Ribamar de Farias Lima, Thamires Kelly Nunes Carvalho, Robbie Hart, Rainer W. Bussmann, Denise Dias da Cruz, Reinaldo Farias Paiva de Lucena<br><b>Chapter 17: The Trade of Medicinal Plants in the Public Market of Floriano, Piauí, Northeast Brazil</b>Moniky Silva Dias, Jose Ribamar de Sousa Junior, Julio Marcelino Monteiro<br><b>Chapter 18: Comparison of Medicinal Plant Knowledge Between Two Communities in a Semiarid Region of Northeastern Brazil</b>Idaiany da Silva Costa, Jose Ribamar de Sousa Junior, Julio Marcelino Monteiro<br><b>Chapter 19: Traditional Knowledge and Population Structure of Three Important Tree Species in a Semiarid Region of Piauí, Northeast Brazil</b>Debora Cristina Alves Lima, Karen Kris Santos and Silva, Jose Ribamar de Sousa Junior, Julio Marcelino Monteiro<br><b>Chapter 20: Knowledge, Use, and Management of Cactaceae Species in the Semiarid Region of Brazil</b>Camilla Marques de Lucena, Thamires Kelly Nunes Carvalho, Ailza Nascimento, Kamila Marques Pedrosa, Alejandro Casas, Reinaldo Farias Paiva de Lucena<br><b>Chapter 21: Agroecological System in Mountain Environment: The Case of the Morgados Mountain Range, Bahia, Brazil</b>Ernani Machado de Freitas Lins Neto, Vitória Kelly do Nascimento Firmino, Alessandra Freire de Oliveira Martins, Ivan Santos Teixeira<br><b>Chapter 22: Traditional Knowledge About Food and Emergency Plants (PANCs) in the Semiarid Region of Brazil</b>Ernane Nogueira Nunes, Camilla Marques de Lucena, Flávia de Oliveira Paulino, Ana H. Ladio, Denise Dias da Cruz, Reinaldo Farias Paiva de Lucena<br><b>Chapter 23: Physical Properties of Wood and Their Relationships with Local Use and Preferences in the Semiarid Region of Northeastern Brazil</b>Fábio José Vieira, André Luiz Borba do Nascimento, Lucilene Lima dos Santos, Ulysses Paulino de Albuquerque, Roseli Farias Melo de Barros<br><b>Chapter 24: Knowledge Management of Lazy Plants in Farms in Northeastern Brazil</b>José Rodrigues de Almeida Neto, Roseli Farias Melo de Barros<br><b>Bibliography</b><b>Index</b>