Preface <br> <br>PART I. DNA Nanotechnology for Cellular Recognition (Cell SELEX, cell surface engineering)<br> <br>1. DEVELOPING DNA APTAMER TOOLBOX FOR CELL RESEARCH<br>1.1 Cells and their complexity<br>1.2 DNA aptamers' characteristics and advantages<br>1.3 On-demand synthesis and screening of DNA aptamers<br>1.4 Toward a toolbox of DNA aptamers for cellular applications<br>1.5 Summary and Outlook<br> <br>2. BACTERIAL DETECTION WITH FUNCTIONAL NUCLEIC ACIDS: ESCHERICHIA COLI AS A CASE STUDY<br>2.1 General Introduction on Bacteria<br>2.2 E. coli<br>2.3 Conventional Methods for General E. coli Detection<br>2.4 Biosensors for E. coli Detection<br>2.5 Conclusion<br> <br>3. FROM LIGAND-BINDING APTAMERS TO MOLECULAR SWITCHES<br>3.1 Aptamers can be generated by SELEX<br>3.2 Various subtypes of SELEX have been invented<br>3.3 Riboswitches are natural RNA aptamers carrying expression platforms<br>3.4 Riboswitches use various mechanisms to regulate gene expression<br>3.5 Riboswitches are potential drug targets<br>3.6 Fusing aptamer with expression platform to construct artificial RNA switches<br>3.7 Conclusions<br> <br>4. DNA NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED MICROFLUIDICS FOR LIQUID BIOPSY<br>4.1 Introduction<br>4.2 DNA nanotechnology-based microfluidics for isolation of circulating targets<br>4.3 DNA nanotechnology-based microfluidics for release and detection of circulating targets<br>4.4 DNA-assisted microfluidics for single cell/vesicle analysis<br>4.5 Summary and Outlook<br> <br>5. SPATIOTEMPORAL CONTROLLED CELL MEMBRANE ENGINEERING USING DNA NANOTECHNOLOGY<br>5.1 Background<br>5.2 DNA Modifications on the External Cell Membrane Surface<br>5.4 Perspectives<br> <br>PART II. DNA Nanotechnology for Cell Imaging and Intracellular Sensing<br> <br>6. METAL-DEPENDENT DNAZYMES FOR CELL SURFACE ENGINEERING AND INTRACELLULAR BIOIMAGING<br>6.1 Cellular Surface Engineering and Intracellular Bioimaging Show Great Potential in Biological and Medical Research<br>6.2 Metal-Specific DNAzymes: a Suitable Choice for Artificial Manipulation of Living Cells<br>6.3 Cell Surface Engineering by Programmable DNAzymes<br>6.4 Intracellular Imaging of Metal Ions with DNAzyme-Based Biosensors<br>6.5 Conclusion<br> <br>7. DNA NANOMOTORS FOR BIOIMAGING IN LIVING CELLS<br> <br>8. ILLUMINATING RNA IN LIVE CELLS WITH INORGANIC NANOPARTICLES-BASED DNA SENSOR TECHNOLOGY<br>8.1 RNA Detection and Imaging<br>8.2 RNA Imaging Based on Direct Hybridization<br>8.3 RNA Imaging Based on Strand Displacement Reactions<br>8.4 Signal-amplified RNA Imaging<br>8.5 Spatiotemporally Controlled RNA Imaging in Live Cells<br>8.6 Conclusion<br> <br>9. BUILDING DNA COMPUTING SYSTEM FOR SMART BIOSENSING AND CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS<br>9.1 DNA computing<br>9.2 DNA-based computing devices for biosensing<br>9.3 DNA computing for clinical diagnosis<br>9.4 Conclusion<br> <br>10. INTELLIGENT SENSE-ON-DEMAND DNA CIRCUITS FOR AMPLIFIED BIOIMAGING IN LIVING CELLS<br>10.1 DNA Circuit: The Promising Technique for Bioimaging<br>10.2 Non-enzymatic DNA Circuits<br>10.3 Intelligent Integrated DNA Circuits for Amplified Bioimaging<br>10.4 Stimuli-responsive DNA Circuits for Reliable Bioimaging<br>10.5 Conclusion and Perspectives<br> <br>11. DNA NANOSCAFFOLDS FOR BIOMACROMOLECULES ORGANIZATION AND BIOIMAGING APPLICATIONS<br>11.1 Introduction<br>11.2 Assembly of DNA-scaffolded biomacromolecules<br>11.3 Application of DNA nanoscaffold for regulation of enzyme cascade reaction<br>11.4 DNA nanostructures empowered bioimaging technologies<br>11.5 Summary and outlook<br> <br>PART III. DNA Nanotechnology for Regulation of Cellular Functions<br> <br>12. ADOPTING NUCLEIC ACID NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR GENETIC REGULATION IN VIVO<br>12.1 Introduction<br>12.2 Toehold-mediated strand displacement: switching nucleic acids with nucleic acids<br>12.3 Toehold riboregulators and related systems<br>12.4 Applying nucleic acid nanotechnology to CRISPR and RNA interference<br>12.5 Delivery o