The field of nicotine psychopharmacology has rapidly expanded in recent years, driven by theoretical, pharmaceutical and tobacco-related interests. It was challenging to represent the many promising areas of research, from molecular to clinical to epidemiological, within a single volume.
This book provides relatively focused reviews written by leading researchers on their areas of recent interest. Each article was reviewed by experts, producing a reference that will be useful to researchers, students, health professionals, and to the growing number of people involved in efforts to regulate tobacco product contents and designs nationally and internationally.
This book provides relatively focused reviews written by leading researchers on their areas of recent interest. Each article was reviewed by experts, producing a reference that will be useful to researchers, students, health professionals, and to the growing number of people involved in efforts to regulate tobacco product contents and designs nationally and internationally.
1;Preface;5 1.1;References;7 2;Contents;9 3;Contributors;11 4;Nicotine and Tobacco Consumption: Measurement and Trends;15 4.1;Global Patterns of Nicotine and Tobacco Consumption;16 4.1.1;1 A History of Tobacco;17 4.1.2;2 Tobacco Today;19 4.1.3;3 Types of Tobacco Products;34 4.1.4;4 Tobacco Use by Gender and Age;36 4.1.5;5 Tobacco Use in the USA;37 4.1.6;6 Conclusion;39 4.1.7;References;39 4.2;Nicotine Chemistry, Metabolism, Kinetics and Biomarkers;42 4.2.1;1 Introduction;43 4.2.2;2 Nicotine and Related Alkaloids in Tobacco Products;43 4.2.3;3 Absorption of Nicotine;44 4.2.4;4 Distribution of Nicotine in Body Tissues;47 4.2.5;5 Metabolism of Nicotine;48 4.2.6;6 Factors Influencing Nicotine Metabolism;53 4.2.7;7 Renal Excretion;60 4.2.8;8 Nicotine and Cotinine Blood Levels During Tobacco Use and Nicotine Replacement Therapy;61 4.2.9;9 Biomarkers of Nicotine Exposure;62 4.2.10;References;67 4.3;Nicotine Content and Delivery Across Tobacco Products;74 4.3.1;1 Introduction;75 4.3.2;2 Nicotine Content in Cured Tobacco Leaves;76 4.3.3;3 Nicotine Content in Factory-Made Cigarettes;78 4.3.4;4 Nicotine Content in Other Combustible Tobacco Products;84 4.3.5;5 Nicotine in Smokeless Tobacco Products;89 4.3.6;6 Summary;91 4.3.7;References;91 5;Nicotine Pharmacology and Mechanisms of Action;96 5.1;The Road to Discovery of Neuronal Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptor Subtypes;97 5.1.1;1 Introduction;98 5.1.2;2 Receptive Substance, the Beginnings of a Field of Study;99 5.1.3;3 Pharmacological Approaches Identify Receptor Subtypes;100 5.1.4;4 Identification of a7* nAChRs;102 5.1.5;5 Heteromeric Receptors Containing a4 and ß2 Subunits: a4ß2*;106 5.1.6;6 Receptor Subtypes Expressed in Dopamine Neurons;112 5.1.7;7 Summary and Conclusions;116 5.1.8;References;117 5.2;Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Cigarette Smoking;125 5.2.1;1 Introduction;126 5.2.2;2 Studies of Brain Structure;126 5.2.3;3 Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1HMRS);130 5.2.4;4 Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging;136 5.2.5;5 Neural Responses to Stimuli Associated with Smoking;136 5.2.6;6 Cognitive Effects Related to Smoking;142 5.2.7;7 Sustained Attention andWorking Memory;144 5.2.8;8 Effects of Nicotine in Nonsmokers;146 5.2.9;References;150 5.3;In vivo Brain Imaging of Human Exposure to Nicotine and Tobacco;156 5.3.1;1 Introduction;157 5.3.2;2 Brain Function Responses to Acute Nicotine Administration and Cigarette Smoking;158 5.3.3;3 Brain Function Responses to Chronic Nicotine Administration and Cigarette Smoking;167 5.3.4;4 Discussion: Functional Neuroanatomy of Tobacco Use and Dependence;170 5.3.5;5 Future Directions;173 5.3.6;References;173 5.4;Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Action of Nicotine in the CNS;183 5.4.1;1 Introduction;184 5.4.2;2 Acute Effects of Nicotine on nAChRs;184 5.4.3;3 Effects of Chronic Nicotine;197 5.4.4;4 Concluding Remarks;206 5.4.5;References;207 5.5;The Neuronal Pathways Mediating the Behavioral and Addictive Properties of Nicotine;218 5.5.1;1 Introduction;219 5.5.2;2 The Role of Mesolimbic Dopamine;220 5.5.3;3 The Role of the Dorsal Striatum;229 5.5.4;4 The Neurobiology Underlying Nicotine Withdrawal;230 5.5.5;5 The Putative Role of Serotonergic Pathways in Nicotine Dependence;231 5.5.6;6 The Role of Metabotropic Glutamatergic Receptors in Behavioural Measures of Nicotine Dependence;233 5.5.7;7 The Role of Cannabinoid Receptors;234 5.5.8;8 Conclusions;237 5.5.9;References;238 5.6;Molecular Genetics of Nicotine Metabolism;243 5.6.1;Abbreviations;244 5.6.2;1 Introduction;244 5.6.3;2 Humans;245 5.6.4;3 Nonhuman Primate Nicotine Metabolism;256 5.6.5;4 Mouse Nicotine Metabolism;257 5.6.6;5 Rat Nicotine Metabolism;258 5.6.7;6 Conclusions;259 5.6.8;References;259 5.7;Sex Differences in Nicotine Action;268 5.7.1;1 Introduction;269 5.7.2;2 Nicotine Metabolism;271 5.7.3;3 Locomotor Activity;273 5.7.4;4 Reward Systems;275 5.7.5;5 Genetics;277 5.7.6;6 Development: Prenatal and Adolescent Exposure;278 5.7.7;7 Nicotinic Receptors;280 5.7.8;8 Consummat
Henningfield, Jack E.
London, Edythe D.
Pogun, Sakire
| ISBN | 9783540692485 |
|---|---|
| Artikelnummer | 9783540692485 |
| Medientyp | E-Book - PDF |
| Auflage | 2. Aufl. |
| Copyrightjahr | 2009 |
| Verlag | Springer-Verlag |
| Umfang | 544 Seiten |
| Sprache | Englisch |
| Kopierschutz | Digitales Wasserzeichen |
